Minggu, 02 Oktober 2022

These 10 Hacks Will Make You(r) Multimedia (Look) Like A pro

A multimedia toy empire, GI Joe noticed a bunch of numerous military heroes battle towards the terrorist group, COBRA. An immensely popular toy upon its release, Tickle Me Elmo is a doll of Elmo from "Sesame Road," with some added robotic options, like the flexibility to chortle when tickled. The show was, like Transformers and Thundercats, unusual in that it represented Japanese-made animation being proven on American Tv. Beautifully wrought, the American Woman dolls were noted for their premium craftmanship, range and, sadly, excessive price. Based mostly off the hapless hero from Pixar's "Toy Story," Buzz Lightyear Dolls have been old fashioned in terms of their styling, however their prime quality and detail gave them a distinctly fashionable really feel. These dolls had a selected child-like quality to them and that, mixed with their many various clothes choices, made them enormously standard. They used pressurized air to shoot water in a protracted stream, rendering the wielder all but invincible in a squirt gun duel!


The mills perform by paddle wheels that extract water from the low-lying lands and pour it over obstacles. You may also consider adding newer technologies like VoIP (voice over internet protocol) and desktop video conferencing to deliver your places of work nearer collectively. The fortress is over 900 years previous. Then, sixteen years later Mount Vesuvius erupted, killing 1000's of Pompeii's residents. WiMax relies on the 802.16 customary and for years has promised city-extensive Internet access for both stationary and mobile clients. Listen solely on or off, allowing some individuals access to listen to but not actively take part within the conference. Since all information is flushed from RAM when the power is turned off, you will lose any personal game knowledge. By the ability of Greyskull! The stuff desires had been product of, The Sega Dreamcast outperformed its most signifiant competitor, the Sony Playstation, by a significant diploma. Examples include Amazon's Kindle, the Sony Reader, Borders' Kobo, and Barnes and Noble's Nook. Utilizing video capture software for on-line displays could make your work stand out. To make message delivery faster, networks are using more new next-era applied sciences resembling GPRS (Normal Packet Radio Service).


Visitors have been loaned headphones and a radio that streamed info concerning the basilica. In 1995, authorities of the landmark instituted a restriction on guests and enforced a silence-solely rule. Authorities hand out hefty fines should you step out of line at this landmark. Every time the smartphone goes on-line, it communicates wirelessly with the workplace community, pulling in new e-mails, updating calendar entries, including contacts that you just entered in your desktop laptop, and downloading any safety patches sent out by the IT staff. You want solely entertain till it is time to chop the cake. The time a ship spends at sea is instantly related to its size. Even beyond how awesome these toys were to play with, for the primary time ever, toys started to see a truly worldwide, international reach- that means that youngsters from very different international locations and backgrounds might reminisce collectively about how nice they have been. Learn on to be taught much more about cellular ticketing and the technology that makes it work. Retired volunteers offer one thing that even probably the most willing and enthusiastic new faculty grad cannot: a long time of valuable work and life expertise. These instruments do more than simply supply flexibility and remote entry to essential knowledge.


Keep it to no more than six strains per display screen and intersperse it with other elements. These bitmap footage will also be moved around the display by paths, much like still images transferring around in dHTML animation, which helps keep the whole file size down. On the domestic scene, back in the US, Individuals elected their youngest and most charismatic president ever, John F. Kennedy, only to be appalled by his assassination while nonetheless in office. A semi robotic Teddy Bear, Teddy Ruxpin might simulate reading tales by playing a cassette within the cassette recorder mounted on his back. In case you have a WAP-enabled cellphone, you should buy the tickets from your telephone, store them in your phone and swipe your phone at the event. Goal press conference invitations to journalists and publications which have a proven curiosity in your information or occasion announcement. If you happen to suspect you have depression and would like to explore alternate detection methods, speak to your doctor. And to access on-line features like streaming media, you are going to want a broadband connection.


Free Advice On Multimedia

Avco Embassy would be renamed Multimedia Leisure. The Samsung unit truly has 2 boot modes on a three manner energy switch - On, Off and AVS Multimedia (that is their identify for this mode). You should purchase automated curtains and lights that come with remote controls, but tying all of that into a single unit is beyond the potential of the typical universal distant like those from Logitech. They all include remotes and do not require that you've a tablet or smartphone for control, but you possibly can obtain an app to make use of your cell gadget as a remote if you would like. That is one among the important thing options of the PlayBook -- you may pair the pill with a BlackBerry smartphone to get service over a 3G community. Sixty-three p.c of NRA members thought the organization had the correct amount of influence over gun laws within the U.S., and one other 28 percent said it had too little affect. They'll include your telephone, your tablet, your computer or the units of other household members or buddies who are over. Chromecast is basically a bridge between your Tv and your telephone, tablet, laptop or desktop. Is Roku or Chromecast higher?


1080p, whereas the others can stream at 4k. All embrace WiFi, however the 2 most costly, the Roku Ultra LT and Roku Ultra also consists of Ethernet for extra reliable connections. However how were the two formats completely different to begin with? Each of Apple's merchandise run the tvOS working system - the first difference between the 2 being display decision. It may also capture video at 720p resolution. Still, the preliminary identification of potential video piracy will be way more environment friendly. Google is not saying a lot about how the software program manages this, but it's possible that the program analyzes overlapping chunks of the original content to create multiple fingerprints. A number of gadgets can be used to launch content to the Chromecast, supplied they can all hook up with your WiFi network and have the appropriate apps put in. As a result of any suitable machine on the same network can management any Chromecast on that community, multiple units can interfere with each other.


Utilizing the same Forged menu, you may also cast media files from your computer or your total laptop display screen. While you are streaming a video via Chromecast, if you select one other video from within the identical app, that video will likely play to your Television display instead. These devices act as a launch site for the leisure and a distant for controlling what you see and hear in your Tv screen. See a full listing here. This may not be a lot of a problem on a house network, unless somebody unintentionally casts something they would not need their household or visiting pals to see (or if you live with a jerk). If you happen to walked into a retailer that sells PCs, on the other hand, you'd have a a lot wider choice. If you have more than one Google system, you'll be able to choose the Chromecast you would like to use from there. In the case of discovering new music for your library, there are lots of how you can go. There are quite a lot of similarities between them - setup processes, interfaces, how they join by means of your WiFi.


There are 4 different fashions starting from $30 to $a hundred as of mid-2021. With businesses growing ever more dependent on information systems and Web know-how, IT managers are in excessive demand. This provides Net customers another stage of interaction with online content. As Internet conferencing becomes extra widespread, audio controls are finding a spot as only one part of software and companies amongst these bundled collectively by internet hosting firms. Miracast isn't a gadget but a software program normal that connects the casting gadget and receiving device through peer-to-peer WiFi. The scanR service could be very just like Comombo, besides that you should utilize it without software program should you choose. You inform the Setup Wizard your zip code, and it exhibits you all the service suppliers in your area. With channels like AMC producing critically-acclaimed shows like "Mad Men" and "Breaking Bad," and HBO regularly releasing stellar content such as "The Wire," "Deadwood" and "Band of Brothers," the line between film-caliber manufacturing and Tv work is becoming increasingly blurred. It is because when melamine resin cures into foam, its microstructure becomes very arduous -- virtually as exhausting as glass -- inflicting it to carry out on stains a lot like super-fine sandpaper.


Sabtu, 01 Oktober 2022

What You are Able to do About Multimedia Starting Within The Next Five Minutes

Many HDTVs have Excessive-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) connections, which might transmit audio/visual indicators to the Tv with out compression. Homebrew as well makes it doable for players to build custom functions, and due to this fact the potentialities for assorted things you are able to do when you unlock Wii are limitless.. If maybe you assume that you wish to get these advantages and unlock Wii, there are lots of services online, which not only supply the wanted software, but even present a clear and concise information on the perfect solution to go forward with the Wii unlock. Plus, there are merely more Pc manufacturers and just one Apple, that means the Laptop market is extra competitive, which ends up in each cost savings and a wider choice for the patron. Within the mid '90s, electronics manufacturers launched a new CD format that addressed this drawback. The conflict between HD-DVD and Blu-ray cut up the home video business into two camps, each betting the other aspect's format would crumple.


Since then, corporations have improved Blu-ray player manufacturing strategies. Many people love the Roku, a media participant that streams movies from Netflix, but that is the extent of this product's capabilities. The unlocking of Wii moreover will permit the wii console to be as an audio CD/DVD and MP3 disc player. When the Wii is unlocked, its console also may be be made use of to play games from varied gaming methods by loading assorted emulators.This is especially very helpful if you wish to play games of older platforms, the place the hardware is no longer with us now.. Circumstances dictate that sometimes we wish to, or should, transport them. Now that you've the precise gear, let's speak about the sport play itself. Additionally, because the unlocking solely takes substituting of the software and does not deal in tampering with the equipment, the Wii unlocking doesn't void the warranty of the system.And one more thing earlier than you utilize a wii software mod. The above are several of the positive facets of why should you unlock Wii.


Apart from the above options, Homebrew has appeared with plenty of additional capabilities and purposes, which can run on Wii, and unlocking the Wii allows you to load and run these applications. For the reason that Wii is area free, DVD discs of all of the regions can be used directly without having wanted any exterior interface.The Wii may even support MP3 playback by utilizing the SD memory cards as an input. If you are writing simple posts about your every day life, or writing your novel online, you are probably using WordPress. Over a million people use it to do something from writing easy blogs, to creating vast multimedia websites that get thousands and thousands of hits per day. So far as they go, they say that the selection relies upon on your equipment and how you intend to use it -- oh, and whether you've got already lost so much excessive and low range to loud music and age that fancy cables not matter. Presently, to keep away from losing time and money, most people organizing an occasion or occasion make use of associates or relations as the certified cameraman, and gear used in video recording like digital video cameras and camcorders are constructed to accommodate either the novice or the professionals.


Make the most of the presentation by putting your webpage space and assist to make them go there immediately if they need way more data. Naturally, everyone wants the best content material management net solutions they'll get there hands on. And Google Docs can make creating and giving Web shows enjoyable and simple, permitting the enterprise associate to imprint his individuality into the process. Market affiliate merchandise and providers utilizing visual displays. Create spectacular multimedia system displays which might be established to reinforce revenue for the reason that every of the senses are engaged. With the output jacks on these kits, you may ship a processed signal out to a different gadget like headphones or even a sound system or mixer board. In case you have one of those and do not mind the inconvenience of normal distant controls (or you're keen to purchase a universal distant), you may not want a further device. Even when you've got a relatively small weblog, and don’t assume you need to fret about spam, you continue to have to. The last really useful plugin is one thing referred to as “Share This.” This mainly adds a small button at the tip of every post, and lets readers easily e-book mark your site on any of the social bookmarking websites.


What The Pentagon Can Train You About Multimedia

A function solely included for the HDMI inputs supplies you to regulate all of your linked multimedia products. The next write-up gives some info, each equally detrimental and great, around the Work at home Expertise institute and what it’s all about. The Do business from home Technology institute may be recognized in numerous approaches. You’ve presumably heard in the Work at home Expertise institute just before. The Do business from home Know-how institute was constructed around the principle of teaching persons tips on methods to generate income on the internet from household. You can see a few distinctive approaches the Work at home Expertise institute operates. It might not bring up all ‘Work In your own home Expertise institute’ inbound links, but the inbound hyperlinks it does convey up is likely to be other sister providers which have been concerned along with the WAHI. Requirements like T-DMB (Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcast), MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services), MediaFLO (a proprietary Qualcomm know-how) and DVB-H all utilize facets of 3G technology. T-DMB service is offered freed from cost, however entry is restricted to selected areas. Naturally, the quantity of video recorded is limited by the storage capability of your iPhone (they typically boast 8 or 16 gigabytes).


That is true for video games since most of the picture high quality is sharp to near perfection with many commonplace TV’s. You may even join the Music player to hear by means of the TV’s audio system or by means of your individual home theater system. A DVD player is single handedly managed using just one distant. Outfitted with 4 HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) inputs, three HDMI on the again panel of the Tv and one on the rihgt aspect, you get plenty of choices in order to attach any multimedia system. But democratization of the online is just one part of Web 2.0's philosophy. Some people resolve to acquire newsletters, while others get info off the net site. These persons will present you with info and in addition presents and promotional items all designed that will help you learn recommendations on find out how to make dollars out of your household. The write-up incorporates what the WAHI is, tips about how to come across it, and some elements to look out for together with the WAHI and also neighboring providers.


You will find tv advertisements about this, one can find inbound links on the web that will get you to it, and you can find search engines like google and yahoo you may check for it. They simply need to find a new place alongside their cool new cousin, the e-reader. Help specialists don't need to have as much schooling as their IT counterparts; only forty one percent of present IT assist workers have a school degree. Having mentioned that, you additionally don't have to take a seat down so far in an effort to avoid pixilation within the visuals over the display. The picture over the display screen is introduced excellent and with out having motion blur. With this great Television, you will be 1.5 - 3 times the show display measurement for the top viewer expertise. The superior prime quality 1080 pixel display is the Samsung LN52B550 flat screen Tv is a fifty two inch flat display screen Tv. Beautifully wrought, the American Girl dolls had been noted for their premium craftmanship, diversity and, unfortunately, excessive worth. It actually is your alternative regardless of in case you choose to do that, as most of these suppliers will ask a price for his or her corporations.


It’s your choice irrespective of when you choose to consider it or to not consider it. The WAHI really does exist, however the query appears to be no matter if it completely does what it says it will do. The acronym for that is WAHI. Quite just a few, some individuals have gone because of the WAHI for data and also to get hold of jobs from household. Many schools that provide good pc programs have profession centers. AmeriStar, which can offer service to South America and elements of Mexico, has not yet been launched. Carolers supply leisure throughout the evening, and when little zoo-goers get hungry, there are many scorching treats. There are various thefts and scammers round, so take into account to double-verify your sources just earlier than you invest. As with the PSP, there will likely be downloadable video games available from the PlayStation Network that do not see a full retail release. Thanks to the vertical shutter release on the Kodak EasyShare Z981 you can take images simply horizontally or vertically. In this kind of overview, we take a look at the massive features and extras included on this terrific top quality television . On this model you will get the surround sound HD(High Definition) Audio.


A superb Multimedia Is...

The reconversion of mild into an electrical signal has been identified to introduce errors. ­When the guts beats, an electrical signal passes from the top of the center, near the atria, down via the ventricles, and the chambers contract in that order. Overusing advanced coloring such as gradients can also gradual the program down. This may occur if the settings have been changed, or if another program adjustments the decision and doesn't change it again. The commonest cause that a desktop's icons have changed size, whether or not too giant or too small, is due to a change in resolution. Beeping may also be attributable to one thing pressing down on a key or by a key that's stuck due to break or dirt. Computer systems that get too sizzling may shut down unexpectedly; this is designed to occur, to stop further harm to the machine. F11 is the default button to make an internet web page full display, or to shrink it again down after.


The entire above will stop a printer from printing successfully, but when you've got checked the printer updates, the ink provide (each coloration and black) and the paper provide, then it is best to examine the printer "print queue" status, or make sure that "Use Printer Offline" isn't checked. Shut the computer down, wait a few minutes, then restart. Check the connections to the media, then if potential check the drive with one other machine to see if data will be discovered or the drive well being tested. This combo could be as much as 164 toes (50 meters) long -- greater than twice what we see on American roads. Usually, individual nurses will need a particular shift greater than one other. It's extra discreet than a phone dialog, making it the ideal kind for communicating when you don't want to be overheard. With more entertainment and communication devices -- including MP3 and iPod adapters and USB ports -- come more channels for viruses to probably enter a car. Wilcox, Joe. "Court docket Reduces Microsoft MP3 Case's Quantity." eWeek Microsoft Watch.


In the following section, we'll see how all of this fits into the mystery. You may see it within the music of Parliament-Funkadelic, the artwork of Jean-Michel Basquiat and the novels of Octavia Butler. In case your pc is randomly shutting down, check to see if the followers are caught or if the case is unusually heat to the contact. Momentary information are sometimes installed on the exhausting drive while programs run, and space must be out there to carry such recordsdata. Yes indeed, NASA went again to the drawing board for this one, dreaming up a fractal-like arrangement to pack the best collection of compact scientific accoutrements into the smallest area doable. Is your interest in NASA beginning to achieve new heights? Certainly one of the most common points behind a program or webpage loading slowly is that your laptop is attempting to do an excessive amount of. If a program is actually caught, the traditional strategies of closing it - equivalent to clicking X on it or making an attempt to right-click and shut will not work.


Having your phone too near your speakers could cause interference in them once you obtain data from a cell tower. It picks up the same signals a rabbit-ear Television picks up, which means watching Television on this cellphone would not price something. In this text, we'll find out what kinds of mobile Television are within the works and try a number of the telephones that obtain the signals. DMB has several relevant devices comparable to cell phone, portable Tv, PDA and telematics gadgets for vehicles. Once they settled on the announcement date of March 9, they needed two weeks prior to construct up the thrill and that was the same date (February 23) that Apple picked for one in every of its announcements. You have two decisions right here. If Google looks weird or distorted, you will have been the sufferer of a browser hijacker, with some malware hidden in your laptop. There is a particular sort of malware, referred to as a "browser hijack," which can cause your web browser to do things that you just didn't ask it to do. This space-friendly digital camera got here with special criteria.


Ten Quite Simple Issues You are Able to do To Save Lots Of Time With Multimedia

There also were reviews from some Craig pill customers about points with video streaming, total battery life and movie downloads, as well as with the tablets' talents to keep up a multimedia operate once it's going. A tablet Laptop is a portable personal pc with a touch display that runs laptop functions together with Wi-Fi functionality. Employ your laptop or flat display screen - If you want the idea of utilizing photograph frames but need make a big statement, design an album to use as a flat display slideshow, pc screensaver or pc wallpaper. In 1997, the MP3-playing computer software program Winamp grew to become accessible. You do not need to buy a particular software package to make use of the service. Instead, biofuel use, coupled with long- and brief-time period options corresponding to raising gasoline economy standards for motor automobiles; enacting tax incentives for hybrids and gasoline-cell automobiles; and rising using all renewable fuels will help the United States -- and the world -- wean itself off oil. Biofuels discharge fewer toxins into the air than fossil fuels. Cleaning the fans with compressed air can assist resolve this situation. This combustion can release toxic chemicals into the air that are even more poisonous than they'd have been just popping out of the can.


But each year, these refineries launch millions of pounds of most cancers-inflicting chemicals, together with benzene, butadiene and formaldehyde into the setting. For instance, ethanol plants fueled by pure gas emit only a few pollutants, together with greenhouse gases. While dozens of Web corporations had declared bankruptcy, a few hardy websites managed to outlive. Different firms had completely different concepts, although. In the weblog entry that described his philosophy of Internet 2.0, Tim O'Reilly wrote that before the dot-com bubble burst, Internet firms like Netscape targeting offering a product. In some ways, many firms considered the Web as an extension of tv -- browsers would look passively at whatever content material the online supplied. The sign then speeds alongside the optical cable to the vacation spot gadget, often a tv or audio receiver, the place a gentle reception module converts it again right into a digital electrical sign. Shortly thereafter, the clueless dolt who performed "Wannabe" is dying a gradual, painful demise in the bar's back alley.


Finally, the individuals who go to the net site decide what it accommodates and how it appears to be like. Some Net pages completely rely upon consumer contributions -- without them, there'd be no Web site. O'Reilly felt that the group of informed users may monitor and maintain the location. Users can enter data, modify current information or even delete entire sections in wikis. For more info, go to TASER. There isn't any way to guarantee the accuracy of the information, and also you cannot hold anyone liable for submitting incorrect data. Tagging data makes searching for information quicker and more environment friendly. When a journalistic story triggers anger, viewers are extra seemingly to remember the information report, stimulating political interest thus enhancing the quality of learning. I agree. But when rock stars are simply starting out, roadies can be few and far between. A number of journalists maintain that the time period does not imply something at all -- it's just a marketing ploy used to hype social networking sites. Objectivity, the second idea, is taken into account as certainly one of a very powerful value of journalists' professional id. Nonetheless, no one had a transparent definition of what Web 2.Zero really meant. We'll additionally take a look at the talk about whether or not or not Web 2.0 actually has a practical meaning.


In the subsequent section, we'll have a look at how strange individuals are interacting with and changing the Internet. Ask a dozen Web specialists what the time period Internet 2.0 means, and you will get a dozen different answers. Before we get into the debate about what Internet 2.Zero actually means, let us take a look at where the phrase originated. The net 2.Zero philosophy emphasizes the importance of individuals's interactions with the Web. Other websites observe an analogous philosophy. Many websites enable users to apply tags to information starting from uploaded images to weblog entries. For extra data on satellite tv for pc radio and related subjects, check out the links on the subsequent web page. These are functions and applets -- small packages that match within a larger program or Internet web page -- to make Web browsing and accessing the Web more satisfying. This entry allows them to make new functions primarily based off the basic options of Twitter. For instance, the service Twitter gives relies off of a quite simple concept: Members can send a message to an entire community of mates utilizing a easy interface. However Twitter additionally allows third-party developers to access part of the Twitter application programming interface (API). MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) lets you ship animations, audio and video recordsdata in addition to text.


Easy Methods to Get A Fabulous Multimedia On A Tight Funds

Video parts could also be used extensively in multimedia displays because it improves the advertising and marketing plan. One printer which has all these features often is the MFC-6890CDW. These are usually basically what you need to consider if you end up excited about an A3 printer scanner. Very similar to cell phone keyboards, these keyboards are backlit in order that the keys are more seen even in poorly lit conditions. Some also have USB ports which you'll connect PictBridge-enabled cameras and print photos too.Some printers have other functions that should be certain they're rather more irresistible to prospects. Typically, customary printers have resolutions of to 1200dpi. However in case your printer is ready to print as well as, then it should most likely be excellent for printing images too. Get moving and use the following tips for your self in order that you're going to get good results. But since CD-RWs won't work on many CD players, these are not an excellent choice for music CDs. A number of MP3 players let you playback your MP3 music on your FM radio using unused frequencies. That is not a problem -- there are various sources for MP3 files. Originally, Web pages had been, for the most half, static recordsdata -- that's, once you loaded them, they pretty much stayed the same.


Because you selection, a brand new ray of internet data is usually routed from your computer keyboard with a device using the computer. This specific side can generate issues for that end person now after all factor in addition to particular person occurs to block the path on the house ray or the angle on the computer keyboard is simply not appropriate. Numerous merchandise indicate properly, nonetheless they may primarily result in disappointment plus sensible issues. Even after decades of production, consultants warn that the economic impact might be minimal. The identification course of is similar to the best way forensics specialists as soon as matched a suspect's fingerprints to those found at against the law scene. Thus, the non-conventional Dvorak key pad layout have been suitable for individuals who sign as much as this explicit mind-set. But, declaring bankruptcy may be the "best worst" option for people in severe financial distress. You can find fine quality info out there, nevertheless you have to be really watchful though attempting to find that. Contacting professors for help, downloading multimedia supplies that clarify your lectures and being capable of finding the supplies and books you need online will make your study time much more practical, enhancing your chances of success.


This printer costs greater than atypical printers that is why it is best to put extra thought when shopping for it. To place it merely, you want tuition that occur to be prime quality plus coming from a great provide. Bouncing on the 1080p TVs group proper now will put you in excellent situation to turn out to be present on the most recent looking at applied sciences for a long time. In the good previous days, a guy may study primary mechanical abilities and repair a car. Whether or not or not you wish to carry out to your buddies, play for you, or maybe want to be a well-known guitarist which travels the complete world to try out dealing with audiences, you'll be able to obtain the data that you’ll require from an excellent course. Underneath the crab rationalization program, each boat receives an individual fishing quota, or IFQ, and captains have your complete crab fishing season to meet it. It's no secret crab fishing is dangerous work, and, the truth is, is probably the most dangerous jobs in the world.


This expertise facilitates staff work, even if the members dwell in different continents. Intellon, a networking pc featured within the article How Home Networks Work, has updated their standard powerline networking product. Eat distinction between a wireless key pad plus a traditional some may be which the past makes use of home beams to assist transport information to the computer as a substitute of the second, which is able to relies on a cable. This is feasible that has a cord less key-board, providing it’s used in a state of affairs where the home ray is reachable due to the laptop. It could not find yourself being possible for a new cord connected key-board for being stored in a novel position which is beloved for you. The precise ergonomic computer keyboard may be made to ease a few of the fear introduced on by recurring inputting and produce to get extra relaxed writing. Typically, when working at night, you could prefer to work only with the light of the monitor to forestall the glare of another light.


Important Multimedia Smartphone Apps

Fisher-Price additionally provides an I Can Play guitar that works just like the I Can Play piano. Lastly, the club exists to preserve for ...